What is recommended regimen of preventive therapy with isoniazid?

The usual preventive therapy regimen is isoniazid (10 mg/kg daily for children, up to a maximum adult dose of 300 mg daily). The recommended duration of isoniazid preventive treatment varies from 6 to 12 months of continuous therapy (9).

What is isoniazid preventive therapy?

Preventive therapy, also known as chemoprophylaxis, with isoniazid reduces the risk of (i) a first episode of TB occurring in people exposed to infection or with latent infection and (ii) a recurrent episode of TB.

How does isoniazid prevent TB?

An antibiotic that works by stopping the growth of bacteria. It is used with other medications to treat active tuberculosis (TB) infections, and on its own to prevent active TB in people who may be infected with the bacteria without showing any symptoms (latent TB).

Who gets isoniazid prophylaxis?

Existing guidelines recommend isoniazid prophylaxis for patients with positive tuberculin tests at high risk for tuberculosis (e.g. recent converters, those with HIV infection, those from high-prevalence countries).

What are the adverse effects of isoniazid?

What are the possible side effects of isoniazid?

sudden weakness or ill feeling, or fever for 3 days or longer;
pain in your upper stomach (may spread to your back), nausea, loss of appetite;
dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);
vision changes, pain behind your eyes;

Who is eligible for IPT?

Children living with HIV and >12 months of age and who are unlikely to have active TB on symptombased screening, and have no contact with a TB case, should receive 6 months of IPT (10 mg/kg/d) as part of a comprehensive package of HIV prevention and care services.

What foods should be avoided while taking isoniazid?

You may need to avoid certain foods while you are taking isoniazid. This includes red wine, aged cheese, dried meats, and tuna or other types of fish.

How long should isoniazid be taken?

To help clear up your tuberculosis (TB) completely, it is very important that you keep taking this medicine for the full time of treatment, even if you begin to feel better after a few weeks. You may have to take it every day for as long as 6 months to 2 years. It is important that you do not miss any doses.

Does isoniazid cause skin darkening?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antimalarials, amiodarone, cytotoxic drags, tetracyclines, heavy metals and psychotropic drugs are most commonly responsible for hyperpigmentation. A 74-year-old man who had taken antituberculosis drop (rifampin and isoniazid) for 4 months developed generalized hyperpigmentation.

What vitamins should I take with isoniazid?

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) supplementation during isoniazid (INH) therapy is necessary in some patients to prevent the development of peripheral neuropathy.

How is TB controlled and prevented?

According to the CDC guidelines1,2, a TB infection control program should be based on the following three levels of hierarchy: (1) administrative control, which reduces the risk of exposure; (2) environmental control, which prevents the spread of the disease and reduces the concentration of droplet nuclei; and (3) …

Is milk good for TB patients?

Tuberculosis can cause loss of muscle mass; high protein diet helps to avert muscle wasting. Good source of protein like milk and milk products, pulses, nuts, soy, fish, and eggs are recommended. Protein-rich drinks like milkshakes and soups are also advised, especially if the patient’s appetite is very poor.

What antibiotic is used for TB treatment?

Antibiotics can kill tuberculosis (TB) bacteria and cure the disease in almost all cases. Usually, you must take antibiotics by mouth for six months or more, either daily or two or three times per week. The most common antibiotics used are isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and rifampin.

Can TB be cured?

In most patients, TB can be cured with appropriate treatment. Treatment varies from patient to patient and consists of several different antibiotic drugs given for 6-12 months.

What are the side effects of TB medications?

TB drugs unfortunately have side effects – some more serious than others – such as nausea, vomiting, weight loss, decreased appetite, dry mouth and sore throat. Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, affects about one third (more than 12 million) of all people worldwide.

What is the treatment for a positive TB?

Only about 10 percent of people who have a positive TB test have active TB. Most healthy people can fight off the infection. If a patient has latent TB, he must still be treated so it does not become active. Treatment is taking a daily antibiotic, known as isoniazid, for six to nine months.