What is rubella pregnancy?
Rubella is a contagious viral infection best known by its distinctive red rash. It’s also called German measles or three-day measles. While this infection may cause mild symptoms or even no symptoms in most people, it can cause serious problems for unborn babies whose mothers become infected during pregnancy.
What is the reservoir of rubella?
Rubella virus is a member of the togavirus family, genus Rubivirus, and humans are the only reservoir for rubella infection. The virus is transmitted by direct droplet contact from nasopharyngeal secretions, replicates in the lymph tissue of the upper respiratory tract, and spreads hematogenously.
Where is rubella virus found?
The disease is caused by the rubella virus, in the genus Rubivirus from the family Matonaviridae, that is enveloped and has a single-stranded RNA genome. The virus is transmitted by the respiratory route and replicates in the nasopharynx and lymph nodes.
How do you treat rubella in pregnancy?
Maternal. Rubella infection itself is self-limiting, and there is no treatment. Antipyretics can be given for fever. The woman should be informed that she is infective (i.e. able to pass on the virus), from 7 days prior to the onset of symptoms to 4 days after.
What happens if you get pregnant after rubella vaccine?
There is no evidence that getting the MMR vaccine during pregnancy would increase the chance of birth defects. The MMR vaccine is not recommended during pregnancy because of a very small chance of developing the disease from the weakened virus in the vaccine itself.
What does it mean when you test positive for rubella?
A positive rubella IgG test result is good—it means that you are immune to rubella and cannot get the infection. This is the most common rubella test done. Negative: Less than 7 IU/mL IgG antibodies and less than 0.9 IgM antibodies.
Does rubella need to be reported?
Case notification to CDC Since continuous endemic rubella transmission has been eliminated, rubella is an immediately notifiable disease.
What is the incubation period of rubella?
The average incubation period of rubella virus is 17 days, with a range of 12 to 23 days. People infected with rubella are most contagious when the rash is erupting, but they can be contagious from 7 days before to 7 days after the rash appears.
How long does rubella stay in your system?
The rubella rash usually lasts 3 days. Lymph nodes may be swollen for a week or more, and joint pain can last for more than 2 weeks.
Who is most at risk of rubella?
The highest risk of CRS is in countries where women of childbearing age do not have immunity to the disease (either through vaccination or from having had rubella). Before the introduction of the vaccine, up to 4 babies in every 1000 live births were born with CRS.