Where did the polio virus come from?
The source of reinfection was wild poliovirus originating from Nigeria. A subsequent intense vaccination campaign in Africa, however, led to an apparent elimination of the disease from the region; no cases had been detected for more than a year in 2014–15.
What are the symptoms of bulbar polio?
Bulbar poliomyelitis results from paralysis of muscle groups innervated by the cranial nerves, especially those of the soft palate and pharynx, which may present as dysphagia, nasal speech, and sometimes dyspnea.
What are the 3 types of poliovirus?
There are three wild types of poliovirus (WPV) – type 1, type 2, and type 3. People need to be protected against all three types of the virus in order to prevent polio disease and the polio vaccination is the best protection.
Did polio come from animals?
Polio was known to be an infectious disease since Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper’s famous experiments in 1908 showed that polio could be transmitted between animals. It is transmitted from human to human, typically through drinking water contaminated with faeces containing the virus.
What is the mode of transmission of polio?
Poliovirus only infects people. It enters the body through the mouth and spreads through: Contact with the feces (poop) of an infected person. Droplets from a sneeze or cough of an infected person (less common).
Is there a test for post-polio syndrome?
Because there are no tests that confirm a post-polio syndrome diagnosis, your doctor may use certain tests to rule out other conditions, including: Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies. Electromyography measures the tiny electrical discharges produced in muscles.
Can you have a mild case of polio?
Cases with mild symptoms. People with this form may have a mild illness with symptoms similar to those from the flu. But the illness doesn’t appear to affect the brain. People with this form usually recover within a week.
Does polio only affect the legs?
The virus may affect muscles on both sides of the body, but more often the paralysis is asymmetrical. Any limb or combination of limbs may be affected – one leg, one arm, or both legs and both arms.
What vaccine was in a sugar cube?
Millions of Americans got those sugar cubes. Getting the polio vaccine to the public required a national mobilization. It was a long time ago, but there is still a memory of doses of the sugary tasting drink in a small cup and the sugar cube delivery system.
What are the signs and symptoms of poliosis?
But poliosis can sometimes co-occur with serious conditions. What are the signs of poliosis? Signs of poliosis include one or more patches of white hair on hairy parts of the body. Poliosis often affects hair on the scalp, but can also affect the eyebrows, eyelashes, or other parts of the body that are covered with hair. What causes poliosis?
What kind of paralysis is caused by polio?
Poliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile paralysis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. In about 0.5 percent of cases there is muscle weakness resulting in an inability to move. This can occur over a few hours to a few days.
Is there a vaccine derived poliovirus ( VDPV )?
Related Pages. A vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus.
Is there a difference between wild poliovirus and Vapp?
VAPP is sporadic and rare. There is very little evidence that the vaccine virus circulates from VAPP cases, and there are no outbreaks associated with VAPP. Is there a difference in a disease caused by a VDPV and one cause by wild poliovirus or OPV? No, there is no clinical difference between the paralysis caused by wild poliovirus, OPV, or VDPV.