What are polycationic polymers?
Polyelectrolytes are polymers whose repeating units bear an electrolyte group. Polycations and polyanions are polyelectrolytes. These groups dissociate in aqueous solutions (water), making the polymers charged.
How many types of polyelectrolyte are there?
Polyelectrolytes are ionizable polymers that change their polymeric conformations upon their environmental changes. They are of two types: strong and weak polyelectrolytes. Strong polyelectrolytes are charged over a wide pH range.
What are Polycations?
Medical Definition of polycation : a molecule or chemical complex having positive charges at several sites.
What is polyelectrolyte effect?
Early in the 1940s Fuoss [5] defined a phenomenon called “polyelectrolyte effect”, i.e. reduced viscosity of polyelectrolyte solutions increases as the solution is diluted, which is totally different from that of neutral polymers. Reduced viscosity of neutral polymer and polyelectrolyte solutions versus concentration.
What are Polyampholytes?
Polyampholytes are a class of polymers made up of positively and negatively charged monomer subunits. Polyampholytes offer a unique tunable set of properties driven by the interactions between the charged monomer subunits.
What do you mean by polymer?
polymer, any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules, that are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers. Polymers make up many of the materials in living organisms, including, for example, proteins, cellulose, and nucleic acids.
What is flocculant for?
Used in a wide range of industries and applications, flocculants help to remove suspended solids from wastewater by aggregating contaminants into flakes or “flocs” that float to the surface of the water or settle at the bottom. They can also be used for lime softening, sludge thickening, and solids dehydration.
What kind of polymer is used in water treatment?
Organic polymeric flocculants have been used in water purification processes for several decades as coagulant aids or floc builders, after the addition of inorganic coagulants like alum, iron salts or lime.
What is Polyampholyte?
What is the meaning of polyelectrolyte?
A polyelectrolyte is a polymer of electrolytes with several repeating chain units. Polyelectrolytes have properties of both electrolytes and polymers, and have a high molecular weight.
Why do proteins become Polyanions at very high pH?
When the pH of the solution containing a protein is changed dramatically, the acid or base will change the charge of the protein. If the pH of a protein solution becomes very low, the protein molecules will become polyanions.
What is isoelectric point?
The isoelectric point (pI) is the pH at which a particular molecule carries no net electrical charge. The net charge on the molecule is affected by the pH of its surrounding environment and can become more positive or negative due to the gain or loss of protons, respectively.
When is a host polyanion added to a guest polycation?
When a host polyanion (PANa 3) is added to a guest polycation (PC 1.2) the endpoint is better emphasized and it is slightly before the 1:1 unit molar ratio. Figure 1a.
How are the repeating units of polybiguanides separated?
Polybiguanides are polycationic polymers with quaternary amine based biguanide repeating units that are separated by hydrocarbon chains of the same or varying lengths (Simoncic and Tomsic, 2010).
What are the charges of a cationic polyelectrolyte?
The cationic polyelectrolytes used in this work have the peculiarity to offer both different branching degrees and different kinds of charges (strong and weak) provided by the presence of the polyfunctional amine ( Scheme I ).