What is BH3 protein?
BH3-only proteins are proapoptotic members of the broader Bcl-2 family, which promote cell death by directly or indirectly activating Bax and Bak. The expression of BH3-only proteins is regulated both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally in a cell type-specific and a tissue-specific manner.
What is BH3-only?
The BH3-only proteins activate apoptosis by binding and neutralizing the pro-survival proteins, allowing Bax/Bak to homo-oligomerize and permeabilize the mitochondria. This displacement model does not require any interaction between the BH3-only proteins and Bax/Bak (Willis et al., 2007).
What are the three classes of BCL-2 proteins?
The BCL-2 family is divided into three groups based on their primary function (1) anti-apoptotic proteins (BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-W, MCL-1, BFL-1/A1), (2) pro-apoptotic pore-formers (BAX, BAK, BOK) and (3) pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins (BAD, BID, BIK, BIM, BMF, HRK, NOXA, PUMA, etc.).
How are BH3 proteins activated?
The BH3-only members act as sentinels that selectively trigger apoptosis in response to developmental cues or stress-signals like DNA damages. Activation of BH3-only proteins directly or indirectly results in the activation of proapoptotic BAX and BAK to trigger cell death. …
What is the bad gene?
BAD (BCL2 Associated Agonist Of Cell Death) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with BAD include B-Cell Lymphoma and Transient Cerebral Ischemia. Among its related pathways are PI3K/AKT activation and CCR5 Pathway in Macrophages.
What does BH3 stand for?
BH3
| Acronym | Definition |
|---|---|
| BH3 | Bcl-2 Homology 3 |
Is BH3 a proapoptotic?
BH3-only BCL-2 family proteins are effectors of canonical mitochondrial apoptosis. They discharge their pro-apoptotic functions through BH1-3 pro-apoptotic proteins such as BAX and BAK, while their activity is suppressed by BH1-4 anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members.
What does Bcl-2 stand for?
Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), encoded in humans by the BCL2 gene, is the founding member of the Bcl-2 family of regulator proteins that regulate cell death (apoptosis), by either inhibiting (anti-apoptotic) or inducing (pro-apoptotic) apoptosis.
Which is the anti-apoptotic protein?
The five known anti-apoptotic members (BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-W, MCL-1 and A1/BFL-1) share similarity in four BCL-2 homology (BH) domains. This is achieved by direct binding and sequestration of pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins that possess the ability to directly or indirectly activate BAX/BAK.
What activates BH3?
Exposure to stress results in the induction of BH3-only proteins, which neutralise the pro-survival proteins. Subsequent activation of BAX and BAK, which involves their conformational change and homo-oligomerisation on the mitochondrial outer membrane, leads to its permeabilisation.
How is the BH3 protein related to Bax and Bak?
BH3-only proteins are proapoptotic members of the broader Bcl-2 family, which promote cell death by directly or indirectly activating Bax and Bak. The expression of BH3-only proteins is regulated both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally in a cell type-specific and a tissue-specific manner.
What is the function of the BH3 protein?
BH3-only proteins are divergent Bcl-2 family members that interfere with the function of pro-survival Bcl-2 homologues and induce apoptosis ( Yang et al., 1995 ).
Which is proapoptotic member of the BH3 family?
H. Puthalakath, in International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology, 2017 BH3-only proteins are proapoptotic members of the broader Bcl-2 family, which promote cell death by directly or indirectly activating Bax and Bak.
What does BH3 do in the intrinsic pathway?
Being the main regulators of the intrinsic pathway, BH3-only proteins act as an inspector to convey apoptotic signals and activate Bax or Bak. While antiapoptotic proteins act as guardians for promoting cell survival, proapoptotic effector proteins act as killers to induce apoptosis.