What is Faciobrachial dystonic seizure?
Faciobrachial Dystonic Seizure (FBDS) is a rare form of epilepsy characterized by frequent brief seizures, which primarily affect the arm and face. It has been described as the pathognomonic semiology for autoimmune limbic encephalitis (ALE) [1].
What is LGI1 encephalitis?
LGI1 LE is an autoimmune encephalitis whose clinical manifestations are memory deterioration, FBDS, epileptic seizure, mental disorders, and hyponatremia. Brain MRI shows that this autoimmune disease mainly involves the mediotemporal lobe and the hippocampus.
What is Caspr2?
Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Caspr2) is a membrane protein expressed in the CNS and peripheral nervous system. It is essential for proper localization of voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKC).
Can seizures look like dystonia?
Paroxysmal dystonia can cause tremor, pain, and twisting of the body, limbs, or face. It can resemble a seizure, but the person does not lose awareness or sensation. It can last from a few minutes to several hours. Triggers include stress, fatigue, consuming coffee or alcohol, and sudden movements.
What triggers autoimmune encephalitis?
In many cases, the cause of autoimmune encephalitis is unknown. But experts say it can be caused by: Exposure to certain bacteria and viruses, including streptococcus and herpes simplex virus. A type of tumor called a teratoma, generally in the ovaries, that causes the immune system to produce specific antibodies.
Can CBD oil help dystonia?
Although the studies are scarce, CBD seems to be effective on treating dystonic movements, both primary and secondary. It is noteworthy that in some cases, particularly concerning multiple sclerosis and HD, the clinical beneficial effects are observed only when CBD is combined with Δ9-THC in a 1:1 ratio (Sativex).
Can dystonia just go away?
Dystonia is an unpredictable condition. It tends to progress slowly and the severity of a person’s symptoms can vary from one day to another. Focal dystonia usually progresses gradually over a period of about five years and then doesn’t get any worse. Sometimes, a person’s symptoms improve or disappear completely.
Where is encephalitis most commonly found?
Louis encephalitis occurs in the rural Midwest and southern states. It’s generally a mild virus and causes few symptoms. West Nile virus is most often found in Africa and the Middle East. However, it can occur in the United States.
What does faciobrachial dystonic seizure mean in medical terms?
Faciobrachial dystonic seizures are seizure activity characterized by involuntary jerking movements involving the arm and the face on the same side of the body.
Can a LGI1 antibody cause a faciobrachial dystonic seizure?
Faciobrachial dystonic seizures precede Lgi1 antibody limbic encephalitis Recognition of FBDS should prompt testing for VGKC-complex/Lgi1 antibodies. AEDs often produce adverse effects; treatment with immunotherapies may prevent the development of LE with its potential for cerebral atrophy and cognitive impairment.
How long do corticosteroids last for faciobrachial dystonic seizures?
Strikingly, in the nine cases who remained anti-epileptic drug refractory for a median of 30 days (range 11-200), the addition of corticosteroids was associated with cessation of faciobrachial dystonic seizures within 1 week in three and within 2 months in six cases.
How does FBDS affect the ipsilateral face and arm?
Over the subsequent year therapeutic gains persisted without further intervention. Conclusions: FBDS, which affects the ipsilateral face and arm, is a disorder in the watershed between epilepsy and movement disorders, and a transitional presentation of limbic encephalitis.